1. The Indian Constitution

The Indian Constitution, adopted in 1950, is the supreme law of India, establishing the framework for governance. It is the longest written constitution in the world, characterized by its blend of rigidity and flexibility. It lays down the structure of the government, distribution of powers, fundamental rights, directive principles, and the relationship between the Union and the states, embodying India's commitment to democracy, secularism, and social justice.

2. Fundamental Rights & Duties

The Constitution of India guarantees certain Fundamental Rights to its citizens, including the right to equality, freedom, protection against exploitation, freedom of religion, cultural and educational rights, and the right to constitutional remedies. These rights are justiciable, meaning they can be enforced by courts. Additionally, the Constitution includes Fundamental Duties, outlining citizens' responsibilities towards the nation, such as respecting the constitution and national symbols.

3. Directive Principles of State Policy

The Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) enshrined in the Indian Constitution are guidelines for the Union and state governments to promote social and economic justice, and establish India as a welfare state. Though non-justiciable (cannot be enforced by courts), they are fundamental to the governance of the country and are meant to be applied in the formulation of laws. They aim to create a society based on principles of equity and opportunity.